Novartis AG is a holding company, which engages in the development, manufacture, and marketing of healthcare products. It operates through the following segments: Innovative Medicines, Sandoz, and Corporate. The Innovative Medicines segment researches, develops, manufactures, distributes and sells patented pharmaceuticals, and is composed of two business units: Novartis Oncology and Novartis Pharmaceuticals. The Sandoz segment develops, manufactures and markets finished dosage form medicines as well as intermediary products, including active pharmaceutical ingredients. The Corporate segment refers to group management and central services. The company was founded on February 29, 1996 and is headquartered in Basel, Switzerland.

F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. manufactures pharmaceutical products. It offers pharmaceutical drugs, pharmaceutical instruments, and diagnostics solutions. The company was founded by Fritz Hoffmann-La Roche on October 1, 1896 and is headquartered in Basel, Switzerland.

Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, through its subsidiaries, engages in the discovery, development, licensing, manufacturing, marketing, distribution, and sale of pharmaceuticals and nutritional products. The company operates in two segments, Pharmaceuticals, and Nutritionals. The Nutritionals segment is operated through the company's subsidiary Mead Johnson Nutrition Company (Mead Johnson). The Pharmaceuticals segment is made up of the global pharmaceutical and international consumer medicines business.

Merck (d.b.a. EMD Millipore in the U.S. and Canada) is a German chemical and pharmaceutical company. Merck, also known as “German Merck” and “Merck Darmstadt”, was founded in Darmstadt, Germany, in 1668, making it the world's oldest operating chemical and pharmaceutical company. The company was privately owned until going public in 1995. However, the Merck family still controls a majority (≈70%) of the company's shares. Following World War I, Merck lost possession of its foreign sites, including the Merck & Co. subsidiary in the United States. Merck & Co., which operates as Merck Sharp and Dohme (MSD) outside the U.S. and Canada, is now an independent company. Merck KGaA operates mainly in Europe, Africa, Asia, Oceania and Latin America. Since Merck & Co. holds the rights to the Merck name in the U.S. and Canada, the company operated under the umbrella brand EMD Chemicals in North America, and since 2010 as EMD Millipore (after the acquisition of Millipore Corporation), formed from the initials of Emanuel Merck, Darmstadt. Founded in 1668 in Darmstadt, Merck KGaA of Darmstadt, Germany, is the world's oldest pharmaceutical and chemical company. The success of the export business to the United States led in 1887 to the establishment of an office in New York, which gave rise to their subsidiary [Merck & Co.](http://www.crunchbase.com/organization/merck-co-inc) four years later. Owing to World War I, Merck & Co. was expropriated in 1917. The two companies have been separate every since. Merck KGaA Subsidiaries: - [Merck Consumer Healthcare](http://www.crunchbase.com/organization/merck-consumer-healthcare) - [Merck Performance Materials](http://www.crunchbase.com/organization/merck-performance-materials)

Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is a global biotechnology company, which engages in the business of discovering, developing, manufacturing, and commercializing small molecule drugs for patients with serious diseases. The firm focuses on development and commercializing therapies for the treatment of cystic fibrosis, infectious diseases including viral infections such as influenza and bacterial infections, autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, inflammatory bowel disease and neurological disorders including pain and multiple sclerosis. The company was founded by Joshua S. Boger in 1989 and is headquartered in Boston, MA.

Array BioPharma, Inc. is a biopharmaceutical company. Its focus is on the discovery, development and commercialization of targeted small molecule drugs to treat patients afflicted with cancer and other high-burden diseases. The company's products are BRAFTOVI and MEKTOVI. Its portfolio includes Binimetinib, Selumetinib, Encorafenib, Filanesib, Ipatasertib, Varltinib, Danoprevir, ARRY-797, Larotrectinib, Tucatinib, ARRY-382, Motolimod, Prexasertib, GDC-0575, LOXO-292, LOXO-195, and AK-1830. The company was founded by Kevin Koch, Anthony D. Piscopio, K. C. Nicolaou, and David L. Snitman in 1998 and is headquartered in Boulder, CO.

AstraZeneca has always believed in science, inspires infinite possibilities, and puts science at the top of all work. AstraZeneca's strategically important core treatment areas, and are committed to exploring pathogenic mechanisms, treatment methods, and innovative drugs, so that science can change people's lives and bring it to the medical industry Significant changes.

Incyte is a drug discovery and development company which hopes to build a proprietary product pipeline of novel small molecule drugs. Incyte's product pipeline is currently focused on oncology and inflammation and includes compounds in various stages of development. Through partnerships with [Novartis](/organization/novartis), [Eli Lilly](/organization/eli-lilly), and [Pfizer](/organization/pfizer), Incyte intends to promote the clinical development and global commercialization of several of their compounds.

Janssen Pharmaceutica is a pharmaceutical company headquartered in Beerse, Belgium and owned by Johnson & Johnson. It was founded in 1953 by Paul Janssen. In 1961, Janssen Pharmaceutica was purchased by New Jersey-based American corporation Johnson & Johnson, and became part of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development (J&J PRD), now renamed to Janssen Research and Development (JRD), which conducts research and development activities related to a wide range of human medical disorders, including mental illness, neurological disorders, anaesthesia and analgesia, gastrointestinal disorders, fungal infection, HIV/AIDS, allergies and cancer. Janssen and Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceutical have been placed in the Ortho-McNeil-Janssen group within Johnson & Johnson Company.

Genentech is a biotechnology company that discovers, develops, manufactures, and commercializes medicines to treat patients with serious or life-threatening medical conditions. It creates multiple products on the market and a development pipeline. The company became a member of the Roche Group in 2009. As part of their merger agreement, Roche and Genentech combined their pharmaceutical operations in the United States. Genentech’s South San Francisco campus now serves as the headquarters for Roche pharmaceutical operations in the United States. Genentech’s Research and Early Development section operates as an independent center within Roche. Genentech was founded in 1976 by [Robert Swanson](https://www.crunchbase.com/person/robert-a-swanson) and [Herbert Boyer](https://www.crunchbase.com/person/herbert-w-boyer). It is headquartered in South San Francisco, C.A.

Nerviano Medical Sciences SRL provides pharmaceutical services. The company is headquartered in Nerviano, Italy.

Smithkline Beckman Corp, part of GSK Plc, is an American company located in Philadelphia, PA, involved in pharmaceutical preparations. On July 27, 1989 Smithkline Beecham Plc acquired Smithkline Beckman Corp for $16,082.37 million.

Pfizer Inc. (NYSE: PFE, /ˈfaɪzər/) is an American multinational pharmaceutical corporation headquartered in New York City was founded in 1849, based in New York City and was listed on New York Stock Exchange. It is one of the world's largest pharmaceutical companies. It is listed on the New York Stock Exchange, and its shares have been a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average since 2004. Pfizer ranked No. 57 on the 2018 Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by total revenue.

Astex is a UK-based biotechnology company that discovers and develops novel small molecule therapeutics. Using its pioneering fragment-based drug discovery platform, Pyramid™, Astex has built a pipeline of molecularly-targeted oncology drugs, of which three are currently being tested in clinical trials with others in discovery and pre-clinical development. In addition to its proprietary research programs, Astex’s productivity in lead discovery has been endorsed through numerous partnerships with major pharmaceutical companies, including AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Johnson & Johnson and Novartis.

Gilead Sciences, Inc. is a biopharmaceutical company, which engages in the research, development, and commercialization of medicines in areas of unmet medical need. The firm's primary areas of focus include human immunodeficiency virus, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, liver diseases, hematology, oncology, and inflammation and respiratory diseases. It offers antiviral products under Harvoni, Genvoya, Epclusa, Truvada, Atripla, Descovy, Stribild, Viread, Odefsey, Complera/Eviplera, Sovaldi, and Vosevi brands. The company was founded by Michael L. Riordan on June 22, 1987 and is headquartered in Foster City, CA.

Signal Pharmaceuticals is a biopharmaceutical company that was founded by David Anderson (Senior VP & Head of Research), Alan Lewis (CEO), Mark Carmen, and Jackie Johnson and is based in California. It was acquired by Celgene in 2009

Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. engages in the research, development, and distribution of vaccines, prescription drugs, and animal health products. The company is headquartered in Whitehouse Station, NJ.

Plexxikon, Inc. engages in the discovery and development of small molecule pharmaceuticals to treat human disease. The company's products include PLX204 for the treatment of diabetes; PLX4032 for the treatment of melanoma and colorectal cancer; and PLX5568 kinase inhibitors for the treatment of pain, polycystic kidney disease, rheumatoid arthritis, metastatic breast cancer, and renal disease. It develops a portfolio of clinical and preclinical stage programs in various therapeutic areas, including metabolic disease, such as obesity indications; oncology, such as osteolytic metastatic disease; and CNS, such as multiple sclerosis. The company’s portfolio of clinical and preclinical stage programs for other therapeutic areas include inflammation, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease, and osteoporosis; and cardiovascular, including hypertension and atherosclerosis.

Amgen Inc. (formerly Applied Molecular Genetics Inc.) is an American multinational biopharmaceutical company headquartered in Thousand Oaks, California. In 2018, the company's largest selling product lines were Neulasta, an immunostimulator used to prevent infections in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy and Enbrel, a tumor necrosis factor blocker used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases. Other products include Epogen, Aranesp, Sensipar/Mimpara, Nplate, Vectibix, Prolia and XGEVA.